The CFPB’s Role in the Homebuying Process

How the CFPB impacts homebuyers and how they can protect themselves from financial risks The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) plays a key role in protecting consumers from unfair, deceptive, or abusive financial practices, particularly in the mortgage and homebuying space. However, ongoing discussions about the CFPB’s structure and role have raised questions about what potential changes could mean for homebuyers, real estate agents, and mortgage professionals. Regardless of how the CFPB evolves over the coming months and years, understanding its impact on the mortgage industry and working with trusted professionals remains essential for ensuring a smooth and transparent home financing experience. What is the CFPB? The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is an independent agency within the Federal Reserve System that enforces consumer protection regulations across the financial sector. Its jurisdiction includes banks, credit unions, debt collectors, mortgage servicers, and other financial institutions operating in the U.S. The CFPB was established in 2011 following the passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which Congress enacted in response to the 2008 financial crisis. The agency's primary functions include: Writing and enforcing rules to prevent deceptive financial practices Examining financial institutions to ensure compliance with consumer protection laws Monitoring financial markets and trends Collecting and tracking consumer complaints By enforcing regulations, the CFPB helps create a more transparent mortgage process for homebuyers and homeowners alike. Which CFPB Regulations Impact Homeowners and Homebuyers? Following the subprime mortgage crisis, which contributed to the 2008 financial meltdown, the CFPB implemented several key regulations to improve transparency and fairness in the mortgage process. Some of the most impactful changes include: Increased Transparency on Loan Fees & Closing Costs The TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure (TRID) rule ensures borrowers receive clear, standardized disclosures about their loan terms and associated costs. The Loan Estimate and Closing Disclosure documents provide detailed breakdowns of fees, allowing homebuyers to make informed decisions before committing to a mortgage. Read this guide on how to interpret your Loan Estimate to better understand the costs that make up your mortgage. Protection Against Discriminatory Lending Practices The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibits lenders from discriminating against borrowers based on race, gender, disability, or other non-financial factors. The CFPB enforces this law to prevent unfair lending practices such as redlining, where certain communities are denied equal access to credit. Take Legal Action Against Consumer Deception The CFPB takes legal action against lenders who engage in deceptive marketing, excessive fees, or unethical lending practices. Over the years, the agency has issued fines against multiple financial institutions for misleading advertising, unfair loan terms, and discriminatory lending. For example, in 2024, the CFPB ordered NewDay USA to pay a $2.25 million civil penalty for misleading cost comparisons that encouraged borrowers—particularly service members and veterans—to take out cash-out refinances, a practice known as loan "churning." Other enforcement actions have targeted mortgage servicers who failed to provide accurate payoff information and lenders who charged illegal junk fees. Ultimately, the CFPB's regulations aim to make the mortgage process less deceptive, more transparent, and more equitable for all eligible homebuyers. Why Homebuyers Shouldn’t Panic Over CFPB Changes Recent changes at the CFPB have fueled speculation within the mortgage industry, but for homebuyers, this is not a cause for alarm. Here’s why: The Mortgage Industry Has Matured The 2007-2008 financial crisis forced the industry to adopt stricter guidelines, licensing requirements, and consumer protections. While the CFPB has played a role in enforcing these regulations, today’s mortgage professionals operate in a fundamentally different landscape—one where transparency and ethical lending are already ingrained in industry standards. The CFPB’s Role Has Shifted Over Time While the CFPB was originally created to correct predatory lending practices, excessive red tape has made the mortgage process unnecessarily complex in some cases. Adjustments to the agency’s structure could help streamline regulations without compromising consumer protections. Why It’s Important to Work With Mortgage Professionals You Trust Regardless of what happens to the CFPB in the coming months or years, homebuyers should prioritize working with mortgage and real estate professionals who act in their best interest. The CFPB has helped enforce transparency, fairness, and ethical lending practices; this level of strict oversight and enforcement has advanced the mortgage industry and its loan originators. Even without the CFPB watching over their shoulders, these standards remain upheld. An experienced LO who values long-term client relationships will take the time to explain mortgage options, closing costs, and potential risks, just as the CFPB’s guidelines encourage. They will provide clear and honest disclosures about loan terms, ensuring that borrowers fully understand their financial commitments before signing. Ultimately, while government regulations provide a safety net, the best protection for homebuyers will always come from working with mortgage and real estate professionals who prioritize their clients’ long-term financial health. If you’re interested in starting your mortgage journey or simply want to learn more about your options, fill out this form or check out our directory to connect with a LO in your area.

Last Updated: March 11th at 12:16pm ET On March 4th, President Donald Trump announced new tariffs, imposing a 25% duty on nearly all imports from Mexico and Canada and increasing tariffs on Chinese imports to 20%. While tariffs on items protected by the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) have been delayed until April, understanding their potential impact on the homebuying process could help you avoid unexpected costs when purchasing a home or helping your client buy their home. Many economists believe that these tariffs will have a noticeable impact throughout the housing economy, including housing costs and mortgage interest rates. While these changes could affect home prices and mortgage rates, understanding their impact can help you make informed homebuying decisions and ensure that you’re taking the most affordable route possible to buy a home. Why is President Donald Trump Imposing Tariffs on Canada, China, and Mexico? The Trump administration has cited several reasons for these tariffs, including boosting U.S. manufacturing, addressing trade imbalances, and increasing revenue for the U.S. Treasury. Increase U.S. Manufacturing: Trump has cited his primary reason for imposing these tariffs as bringing more business manufacturing back to the U.S. In his address to Congress, he said, “If you don’t make your product in America… you will pay a tariff, and in some cases, a rather large one.” Balance the Budget: Contrary to common belief, tariffs are paid by American companies importing goods, not by foreign governments. These payments go to the Federal Reserve and would help reduce the national deficit. Prevent Flow of Illicit Drugs into the U.S.: Trump has referenced the illicit flow of fentanyl into America as a reason for tariffs on its North American neighbors and China. How Tariffs Will Impact Home Prices & Construction Costs Home builders heavily rely on imported goods like building materials and appliances to minimize building costs. Here’s how these tariffs will impact homebuilders and subsequently homebuyers looking to build a home. Homebuilders Rely on Imported Goods A recent report by John Burns Real Estate Consulting (JBREC) showed that homebuilders import 31% of sawmill wood products, with 73% of those imported products coming from Canada. Builders also import 73% of small appliances for new homes, with 67% of those imports coming from China. The 25% tariff on goods imported from Canada & Mexico and 20% tariff on goods from China will directly impact the cost of timber, steel, aluminum, small & large household appliances, and building hardware. Trump’s Plan to Offset These Costs To help offset rising costs, the administration has taken steps to increase domestic timber production, including an executive order aimed at expanding logging operations. On Saturday, March 1st, Trump signed an executive order focused on the immediate expansion of American timber production. It directly cited increased forest management, wildfire risk reduction, and reduced regulations that might slow down timber production. As of March 6th, there have been no additional announcements regarding domestic production of other building materials. Will Tariffs Affect Mortgage Interest Rates? The implementation of tariffs on imported goods will have greater economic impacts than the cost to build a home. This can be seen directly through volatility in the stock market as Trump proposes and delays tariffs against China, Canada, and Mexico. Slower Economy Leads to Lower Mortgage Rates Tariffs can create uncertainty in the stock market. When stocks become volatile, investors often shift money into U.S. Treasury bonds, causing bond yields to drop. Since mortgage rates tend to follow the 10-year Treasury yield, this could lead to lower borrowing costs. Risk of Increased Inflation While tariffs might help lower mortgage rates by slowing consumer spending, they can also contribute to inflation by increasing the cost of goods. The Federal Reserve closely monitors inflation trends when setting interest rate policies. During a Q&A session at an economic forum on March 7th, Jerome Powell, Federal Reserve Chair, said, "In a simple case where we know it's a one-time (price hike), the textbook would say look through it," when asked if tariffs would have inflationary effects. "Uncertainty around the changes and their likely effects remains high," continued Powell. "As we parse the incoming information, we are focused on separating the signal from the noise. As the outlook evolves, we do not need to be in a hurry, and we are well positioned to wait for great clarity." How Homebuyers Should React to Tariffs While tariffs will have an impact on the cost to buy a new home, there are plenty of things that homebuyers can do to protect themselves from inflation and grow their financial portfolio. Buy When You’re Ready Rather than trying to time mortgage rate changes, it's often best to buy when you're financially prepared. Mortgage rates are volatile; they can gradually increase and decrease every day. Home prices fluctuate too, but when you look at the average price of houses sold in the U.S. over the last decade and beyond, the lines largely just go up. Graph displaying average sales price of new homes, average sales price of all homes sold, and median sales price of all homes sold in the U.S. dating back to 1960. Historically, real estate is one of the safest investments you could make. Beyond the price of your home appreciating over time, you’ll also have stable monthly mortgage payments, receive several tax benefits that will help lower your tax bill, and earn equity with every mortgage payment that can be leveraged in the future. Consider Existing Homes on the Market Instead of New Builds As building costs increase, it might make more sense to consider homes that have already been built and lived in. In many cases, they’re more affordable than new builds and offer more negotiation power when it comes to price, closing costs, and repairs. Considering things like construction delays and building codes, you can typically move into an existing home sooner—typically within 30-60 days after closing. And of course, we have to mention the unique charm that comes with older homes. Touches of craftsmanship like crown molding, hardwood floors, and intricate stone & ironwork add plenty of personality to a home that’s much more expensive to replicate in a new build. Work With Mortgage & Real Estate Professionals You Trust As always, the best way to protect and grow your financial health through homeownership is to work with mortgage & real estate professionals you trust. A UMortgage Loan Originator will walk you through all your loan options, shop rates with you, and, after you’ve closed on your mortgage, help you continue to leverage the wealth-building benefits of homeownership. If you’re ready to start exploring your pathway to homeownership or are curious how you can leverage the equity you’ve built through the home you own, fill out this form to find a UMortgage Loan Originator near you!

Homeownership comes with plenty of financial benefits. Understanding these benefits and how to take full advantage of them can help you keep more of your money in your pockets. Among those benefits are tax advantages such as Home Mortgage Interest Deduction. This permits homeowners to deduct interest paid on loans secured by their primary or secondary residence. These loans include mortgages used to purchase, build, or substantially improve a home, as well as second mortgages & certain home equity loans. If you’re unsure whether you qualify, contact your UMortgage Loan Originator! They can either find the answer for you or connect you with a tax professional who can provide accurate guidance. What Types of Loans Qualify For The Home Mortgage Interest Deduction? There are strict guidelines regarding the types of loans that qualify for this tax deduction. More broadly, it can be split into two categories: home acquisition debt and home equity debt. Home Acquisition Debt: These are your most typical mortgages. Specifically, loans that fall into this bucket include loans that are used to buy, build, or substantially improve a home. Home Equity Debt: These include loans secured by your home. Not all home equity debt qualifies; the loan proceeds must be used to substantially improve the residence. So, if you used a HELOC or a cash-out refinance specifically to fund a home improvement project, you most likely qualify. If the funds are used for debt consolidation or other personal expenses, you may not qualify. While the type of loan determines qualification, that’s not the only box that must be checked before eligibility is confirmed. The type of home secured by the loan also plays a part. Primary Residences: If you reside in the home which you’d like to deduct interest paid from, you must reside in the property for at least 51% of the year. Second Homes: This is where it gets a little more complicated. Second homes can be considered something like a vacation home or potentially a rental property, if it passes certain specifications, which we’ll detail below: Second home not rented out: If you have a second home that you don’t hold out for rent or resale to others at any time of the year, you can treat it as a qualified home. You don’t have to use the home during the year. Second home rented out: If you have a second home and rent it out for part of the year, you must also use it as a home during the year for it to be a qualified home. You must use this home for more than 14 days or more than 10% of the number of days during the year that the home is rented, whichever is longer. If you don’t use the home long enough, it’s considered a rental property and not a second home and therefore does not qualify. How Much Mortgage Interest Can You Deduct? The amount of interest you can deduct depends on when the mortgage was taken out and its purpose: Mortgages Taken Out Before October 14, 1987: All interest paid is fully deductible, as these are considered "grandfathered" debts. Mortgages Taken Out Between October 14, 1987, and December 15, 2017: Interest is deductible on the first $1 million of mortgage debt ($500,000 if married filing separately). Mortgages Taken Out After December 15, 2017: Interest is deductible on the first $750,000 of mortgage debt ($375,000 if married filing separately). Suppose you entered into a binding contract before December 15, 2017, to close on the purchase of a principal residence before January 1, 2018, and purchased the residence before April 1, 2018. In that case, the higher limit of $1 million applies. How to Deduct Mortgage Points from Taxes Did you buy down your interest rate when you purchased your home or refinanced? Those points might be tax deductible. Points are upfront fees paid to the lender to secure a lower interest rate on your mortgage. So long as the loan qualifies based on the guidelines outlined above—such as the loan being for your primary residence and the points being a standard practice in your area—they can be deductible in the year paid. If these conditions aren't met, the points may still be deductible but spread out over the life of the loan. To claim the Home Mortgage Interest Deduction, follow the following steps: Itemize Deductions: Instead of taking the standard deduction, you must itemize your deductions on Schedule A of your tax return. Maintain Accurate Records: Keep detailed records of all mortgage interest payments. Your lender will typically provide a Form 1098, which reports the interest you've paid during the year. Complete Schedule A: Enter the deductible amount on the IRS’s Schedule A form, linked here, to reduce your taxable income. By properly utilizing your Home Mortgage Interest Deduction, you can save a substantial amount of money over the life of your loan. Want to know more ways to save as a homeowner this tax season? Check out our complete guide here. In all cases, confirm first that you meet the eligibility requirements before filing your taxes—consulting with your UMortgage Loan Originator or a tax professional if clarity is needed. The information in this blog was sourced from IRS publication 936. Refer to the publication at https://www.irs.gov/publications/p936#en_US_2024_publink1000229990 for more information.